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IUDs - Intrauterine Devices

By , About.com Guide

Updated December 18, 2005

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Product Description of IUD:

IUD stands for intrauterine device. There are two current types of IUDs available. Both are small T-shaped contraceptive devices made of flexible plastic and are inserted into the uterus. Paragard contains copper and may be effective for up to ten years. Mirena is entirely plastic and has hormone in it which is slowly released over five years. It is important to remember that IUDs do not protect against any STDs, including HIV.

How to Use the IUD:

Both types of IUD must be inserted by a clinician. There is a string that is attached to the IUD and runs down through the cervix into the vagina. A woman can make sure the IUD is in place by feeling for the string.

Failure Rates for the IUD:

The IUD is very effective, with less than one woman out of every one hundred who use the IUD getting pregnant. Provided it is properly inserted and stays in place, there is little area for “mistakes” in the way an IUD is used.

Cost of IUD:

An IUD may cost as much as $250 but many clinics charge much less, and given its long term effectiveness it remains one of the least expensive forms of contraception. Many people may find it difficult to afford the cost of an IUD up front though.

Where To Get IUDs:

You will need to see a doctor to find out if the IUD will work for you. An internal exam is required, and if you choose to use the IUD it will need to be inserted for you. An IUD can be inserted anytime during your cycle but it may be more comfortable to have it inserted mid-cycle when your cervix is more naturally dilated.

Side Effects of IUDs:

  • Changes in your menstrual flow
  • Spotting between periods
  • ParaGard may cause a 50 to 75 percent increase in menstrual flow, and in some case this may lead to anemia.
  • Menstrual cramps or backaches

Things to Watch Out for with IUDs:

While the IUD may be a good choice for some, many find it has more invasive possible problems than other forms of contraception. These include possible problems during the insertion of the IUD, infection caused by the IUD (which is rare, but possible), and the IUD actually slipping out of the uterus altogether.

If you are considering using an IUD you may want to hear from women who have or are currently using one to find out their stories.

Who Should Not Use IUDs:

  • Women who have had a pelvic infection in the past three months
  • Women who have cervical cancer that hasn't been treated or cancer of the uterus
  • Women who have an allergy to copper only a concern with ParaGard IUD)
  • Women with severe liver disease (only a concern with Mirena IUD)
  • Women who have breast cancer (only a concern with Mirena IUD)

Contraception Information on About.com:

The following information is compiled from a variety of sources, including the CDC, information from drug manufacturers, Planned Parenthood, and Family Health International.

We strive to keep this information up to date, but new studies and information about side effects and effectiveness may not be reflected immediately in this information. This should be used as a guide only, and a health care professional should be consulted when considering a new or changed contraceptive method.

Updated December 18, 2005.

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